This week’s Parsha is in honor of my grandson Yehonatan who is
entering Mitzvos
Parsha
Lech Lecha
As last week’s Parsha
ended, Avram had very little mention. In fact, we only learn about his first
years from a Medrash. This week’s Parsha covers 29 years of Avram to Avraham’s
life.
This is one week where
we have to say that there is no early or late in the Torah. For we see
something about this Parsha based on Rashi that occurred 5 years before Avram
gets the command to leave his father’s house.
Previous years I
attacked the time line and showed the commentaries that corrected it.
What appears to me is
that Lot gets married and starts a trading company based in Sodom. Avram then
trades back and forth between Lot who brings in goods from Africa, Egypt to
Sodom and exports them via Avram to Haran.
At some point, there is
a battle between 4 kings and 5 kings. Avram comes to the rescue with Eliezer or
318 men and scares off the conquering armies leaving their captured wares and
the people.
It appears that this
occurred when Avram is 70 years old or in the creation year 2018. Lot, upon
being freed, is ordered to return home. Lot and family appear to have liked the
Dead Sea area. [My thoughts and detective work.] However, if we go according to
the time line Pshat then instead of 430 years for Yetzias Mitzrayim, we get a
shorter time line of at best 425 years. So I prefer the commentaries that add
up to 430 years.
At the age of 75, Avram is commanded to leave the
country of his birth and his father’s house and to set out on his own. This
time, Lot joins him.
Some of us who have made Aliyah to Israel did it on blind faith. Some succeeded some failed. Some made pilot trips and secured employment first and others went from job to job. Avram did not have an absorption center to rest in while settling in. He had to pack food, a tent and something for business.
2 And I will make of thee a great nation, and I
will bless thee, and make thy name great; and be thou a blessing. 3 And I will
bless them that bless thee, and him that curses thee will I curse; and in thee
shall all the families of the earth be blessed.' 4 So Abram went, as the LORD
had spoken unto him; and Lot went with him; and Abram was seventy and five
years old when he departed out of Haran. 5 And Abram took Sarai his wife, and
Lot his brother's son, and all their substance that they had gathered, and the
souls that they had gotten in Haran; and they went forth to go into the land of
Canaan; and into the land of Canaan they came.
This is a great Pshat that Avram is blessed and completely leaves his father’s house at the age of 75. However, both Rabbi Mimran Shlita and I forgot how we got to the age of 70 when the Bris between the pieces occurred. For this we go back to what I wrote in 5774 (2013).
Last week we left off with the birth of Avram. There
are Midrashim that Avram the youth broke all the idols and put the hammer in
the hands of the largest. Terach the manufacturer gets so angry at his son that
he considers him a Ben Sorah v’ Moreh (the rebellious son who should be put to
death). Terach shouts you know that the idols cannot move, see or hear and then
Avram replies and this hunk of wood, stone or clay you call a god! At this
point he is brought before Nimrod, the mighty hunter and king. Nimrod sentences
him to death by burning and Avram is willing to die on a Kiddush HASHEM.
However, even though he did not expect a miracle, one happens and he survives.
Avram, similar to the one being stoned today in the Arab countries, survived
and is left alone after surviving. Haran, however, not ready in the beginning
for a Kiddush HASHEM, is burnt to death. Terach then moves from the large
metropolis of Ur and starts a new life in a city that he names after his son,
Haran. [This is a bit in conflict with the other interpretations below.
However, it could be after the miracle of the furnace, the people rebelled
against Nimrod and the Chamor Rabbi takes over until Nimrod over-throws him. As
the Torah does not write specifically all details and some of the Oral Torah
has been lost aka 3000 Halachos on the day that Moshe died, there is a lot of
speculation out there on the time line and date line of everything here.]
Rabbi Eliyahu Schatz Shlita comes up with a novel
theory which I thought about too but he is older than I and published it in his
works on the Tanach and credit is due him. Hammurabi was actually Avram the
Wikipedia writes: (Akkadian
from Amorite
ʻAmmurāpi, "the kinsman is a healer", from ʻAmmu,
"paternal kinsman", and Rāpi, "healer"; died c. 1750
BC) was the sixth king of Babylon (that
is, of the First Babylonian Dynasty) from 1792
BC to 1750 BC middle
chronology (1728 BC – 1686 BC short
chronology). He became the first king of the Babylonian
Empire following the abdication of his father, Sin-Muballit, extending Babylon's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against
neighboring kingdoms. Although his empire controlled all of Mesopotamia at the
time of his death, his successors were unable to maintain his empire. It has
been said that Hammurabi was Amraphel, the
King of Shinar in
the Book of Genesis 14:1 Wikipedia ends his reign in
the year 2010 which would either mean he was disposed by Nimrod then or they
are off. Rabbi Schatz ends his reign in the year 2018 when he reaches 70 and is
told first to leave his native land and then at 75 he is command to leave his
father’s land.
Some background is due here. Avram was 48 years old aka
the year 1996 when the tower of Bavel occurred and the nations got different
languages. He kept the original Hebrew and Hammurabi might be more like Chamor
Rabbi for he was humble and in Akadas Yitzchak ride a donkey aka Chamor towards
Har Ha Moriah. (22:5 And Abraham said unto his young men: 'Abide ye here with the
donkey, and I and the lad will go yonder; and we will worship, and come back to
you.') I believe for that reason of imitation of the
Tzaddik that Bilaam rides the donkey in Sefer Bamidbar 22 - 24. Even as a child
learning history, I could not help see the similarities time wise and law wise
between Avram and Hammurabi and our Halacha and when Rav Schatz wrote this he
got my approval hook, line and sinker.
There is one conflict in our story time wise and I am
not satisfied with any answer until this past week. Avram is told Lech Lecha when he is 70 years old. In order for
the Medrash to count 430 until the leaving from Mitzrayim the Bris between the
pieces is supposed to take place 30 years before the birth of Yitzchak and then
from there 400 years until Pessach 2448. Avram is born in 1948 at 100 gives
birth to Yitzchak or 2048 makes sense. However, 75 and 25 make 100 so if the
Bris between the pieces too place 5 years earlier we would have to have it
either occur in Haran or Avram would have to have tried to convert people in
Eretz Yisrael and returned to Haran. This is my problem. I explained this
problem that I have had for the last 43 years to Rabbi Mimran Shlita so I await
his research and answer. Shemos 12:40.
And the habitation of the children of Israel, that they
dwelled in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. That they dwelled in Egypt: after the other dwellings in
which they dwelled as foreigners in a land that was not theirs. — [from
Mechilta] was four hundred and thirty years: Altogether, from the time that
Isaac was born, until now, were 400 years. From the time that Abraham had seed
[i.e., had a child, the prophecy] “that your seed will be strangers” (Gen.
15:13) was fulfilled; and there were another 30 years from the decree “between
the parts” (Gen 15:10) until Isaac was born. It is impossible, however, to say
that [they spent 400 years] in Egypt alone, because Kehath [the grandfather of
Moses] was [one] of those who came with Jacob. Go and figure all his years, all
the years of his son Amram, and Moses’ 80 years; you will not find them [to be]
that many, and perforce, Kehath lived many of his years before he descended to
Egypt, and many of Amram’s years are included in the years of Kehath, and many
of Moses’ years are included in Amram’s years. Hence, you will not find 400
years counting from their arrival in Egypt. You are compelled, perforce, to say
that the other dwellings [which the Patriarchs settled] were also called being
“sojournings” and even in Hebron, as it is said: “where Abraham and Isaac
sojourned (גָּרוּ) ” (Gen. 35:27), and
[Scripture] states also “the land of their sojournings in which they sojourned”
(Exod. 6:4). Therefore, you must say that [the prophecy] “your seed will be
strangers” [commences] when he [Abraham] had offspring. And only when you count
400 years from the time that Isaac was born, you will find 210 years from their
entry into Egypt. This is one of the things that [the Sages] changed for King
Ptolemy. — [from Mechilta, Meg. 9a] There is a
general rule that unless Rashi writes “I say” or “I think” he has a definite
source from older sources as he will not bring down something like this
accounting.
For regarding the Bris mentioned by Rashi: 15:1. After these incidents, the word of the Lord came
to Abram in a vision, saying, "Fear not, Abram; I am your Shield; your
reward is exceedingly great." After these incidents:
Wherever the term אַחַר is used, it signifies
immediately afterwards; אַחֲרֵי signifies a long time
afterwards (Gen. Rabbah 44:5). After this miracle had been wrought for him,
that he slew the kings, he was worried and said, “Perhaps I have received
reward for all my righteous deeds.” Therefore, the Omnipresent said to him,
“Fear not Abram, I am your Shield” from punishment, that you will not be
punished for all those souls that you have slain, and as far as your being
worried about receiving reward, your reward is exceedingly great. [from
Aggadath Bereishith 16:2; Tan. Buber, Lech Lecha 15; Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer ch.
27]
My idea of the excuse that it could have occurred
before Avram left Haran for good fails the test here. For Avram was 75, left
Haran, went to Mitzrayim, came back with Hagar and a lot of goods, he and Lot
parted ways, Avram rescues Lot with Eliezer of Damascus whom he purchased
between the age of 75 and going down to Egypt, and then at this point prior to
the birth of Yishmael (Avram was 86) this all occurred.
... 10. And he took for Him all these, and he divided
them in the middle, and he placed each part opposite its mate, but he did not
divide the birds. ... 13. And He said to Abram, "You shall surely
know that your seed will be strangers in a land that is not theirs, and they
will enslave them and oppress them, for four hundred years. that your seed will be strangers: From the time that Isaac was
born until the Israelites left Egypt was four hundred years. How so? Isaac was
sixty years old when Jacob was born, and Jacob, when he went down to Egypt,
said, “The days of the years of my sojournings are one hundred and thirty
years,” which total 190. They were in Egypt 210 years, like the numerical value
of רְדוּ (see Rashi, below 42:2; ר = 200, ד = 4, ו = 6, totaling 210). Thus, the total is 400
years. Now, if you should say that they were 400 years in Egypt, [this is not
so] because Kehath was one of those who descended to Egypt. If you compute the
years of Kehath (133) and those of Amram (his son, 137), and the 80 years of
Moses, his age when they left Egypt, you will find only 350 [years]. And you
must still subtract from them all the years that Kehath lived after the birth
of Amram and that Amram lived after the birth of Moses. [from Seder Olam ch. 3]
If somebody has a good explanation, please write me to
my mail or my Facebook account.
The earliest time that I can derive is that it is no earlier than 25 years prior to the birth of Yitzchak or 425 years before the Exodus. So I am 5 years in the best case short of what is written in Shemos 12:40 on 430 years. In the 1000 plus years after what Rashi wrote, I am sure that I am not the only Jew with this question and there must be an answer.
There was also another problem that would make Avram 73 or 74 minimum at the time of the Bris Between the Pieces: The splitting of the language was in 1996 when Avram was 48. Artscroll and others then write about the various kings 14:4 Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled. 5 And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaim in Ashteroth-karnaim, and the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emim in Shaveh-kiriathaim,
The account in the Artscroll adds 25 perhaps one can say in the 26th year. So the division of languages occurred when Avram was 48 plus 25 years of conquest and rebellion is 73 years old. I will get back to his after the explanation of the age of 70 from Rabbi Mimran and then Rav Schatz.
RABBI SHLOMO MIMRAN Shlita found the answer to my question. The 430 years written in Shemos on the spot Sifsei Chachamim writes that the Bris occurs when Avram was 70 years old based on Seder Olam. On Chapter 15 of our Parsha Tosfos Dalet of our Pasha brings down Seder Olam. Avram was 48 when the Tower of Bavel occurred, 58 when Noach passed away and 70 at the Bris between the pieces. Since it is written “After” and not “Afterwards” this occurred immediately after the war of the 4 kings. What appears to have happened is that Lot had left Haran to live the fertile and rich Sodom and the news of his capture reached Avram who then fought the war. This does not necessarily coexist with the Pshat what is written but the tradition of Seder Olam is very strong. It also gives backing to my theory that there was a previous trip to Canaan. One must remember another rule regarding the Torah. There is no early and no late in Torah. The commentary Shor Ha Bechor also holds by 70 years as the age Avraham was at the time of the war and sacrifices afterwards.
Rav Schatz has either Hammurabi retiring or be disposed and moving to Haran at the age of 70 perhaps being conquered by Nimrod aka Chedorlaomer. Lot perhaps was sent as Judge to Sodom by Hammurabi and is now captured and then Avram rescues him and brings him to Haran for 5 years.
Regarding the Artscroll 25 years my theoretical answer is as follows and it is speculation: However, Seder Olam says differently and it is an ancient book based on tradition either from Avraham or Moshe from Sinai. So I have to agree that the Bris occurred at the age of 70. This still leaves me with what about the forming of the nations and the languages?
For this I have to go back to Parsha Noach. 9:1 And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said unto them: 'Be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth. We therefore see a reason to spread mankind out over various lands. But if they were spread apart so far how did they get together to build the Migdal Bavel? The answer can be found in Malachim aka Kings 1:5:26 And the LORD gave Solomon wisdom, as He promised him; and there was peace between Hiram and Solomon; and they two made a league together. 27 And King Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel; and the levy was thirty thousand men. 28 And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses: a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home; and Adoniram was over the levy. 29 And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bore burdens, and fourscore thousand that were hewers in the mountains; 30 besides Solomon's chief officers that were over the work, three thousand and three hundred, who bore rule over the people that wrought in the work. Therefore just as Melech Shlomo would take people for a month’s duty and then return those to their households to work the land so I assume the work on Migdal Bavel went. For had they had compassion on people who fell or died during the building as they had on the bricks that broke even if they made war with HASHEM or thought they could, they would not have been punished. However, their cruelty to their fellow man sealed their fate.
Once you had 70 languages plus the original Hebrew you could no longer rule efficiently and therefore some of the subservient kings rebelled against Nimrod and his taxes that they did not understand anymore.
5 And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother’s son, and all their substance that they had gathered, and the souls that they had gotten in Haran; and they went forth to go into the land of Canaan; and into the land of Canaan they came. 6 And Abram passed through the land unto the place of Shechem, unto the terebinth of Moreh. And the Canaanite was then in the land. 7 And the LORD appeared unto Abram, and said: ‘Unto thy seed will I give this land’; and he built there an altar unto the LORD, who appeared unto him.
In my Sukkos-Beresheis Drasha I wrote that Gog and Magog most likely would come via Schem. There is some logic that the first advancement in the land and the promise to Avram is reiterated at Schem. The fact that Avram made the area holy first is the contra to Magog.
8 And he removed from thence unto the mountain on the east of Beth-el, and pitched his tent, having Beth-el on the west, and Ai on the east; and he built there an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD. 9 And Abram journeyed, going on still toward the South. 10 And there was a famine in the land; and Abram went down into Egypt to sojourn there; for the famine was sore in the land. 11 And it came to pass, when he was come near to enter into Egypt, that he said unto Sarai his wife: ‘Behold now, I know that thou art a fair woman to look upon.
According to Rashi up until this point Avram did not mention to Sarai anything about her looks. Now, however, he does mention something to get her to cover-up, Can you imagine a generation without make-up or at best minimum cosmetics.
12 And it will come to pass, when the Egyptians shall see you that they will say: This is his wife; and they will kill me, but thee they will keep alive. 13 Say, I pray thee, thou art my sister; that it may be well with me for thy sake, and that my soul may live because of thee.’ 14 And it came to pass, that, when Abram was come into Egypt, the Egyptians beheld the woman that she was very fair. 15 And the princes of Pharaoh saw her, and praised her to Pharaoh; and the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s house.
Mitzrayim was from Cush and dark skinned. Sarai was most likely a brunette but with a much lighter complexion and therefore more attractive to the Egyptians. Remember according to the Medrash there was no external aging until Avraham prayed so that he could be distinguished from his son Yitzchak. So even at 65 or to see Rashi’s comment upon her death that she was seven and twenty and one hundred years that at the age of 100 she looked like a 20 year old.
17:1 1 And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD
appeared to Abram, and said unto him: 'I am God Almighty; walk before Me, and
be thou wholehearted. 2 And I will make My covenant between Me and thee, and
will multiply thee exceedingly.' … 4 'As for Me, behold, My covenant is with
thee, and thou shalt be the father of a multitude of nations. 5 Neither shall
thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for the
father of a multitude of nations have I made thee. 6 And I will make thee
exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out
of thee. … 15 And God said unto Abraham: 'As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not
call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be. 16 And I will bless her, and
moreover I will give thee a son of her; yea, I will bless her, and she shall be
a mother of nations; kings of peoples shall be of her.' 17 Then Abraham fell
upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart: 'Shall a child be born unto
him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old,
bear?' 18 And Abraham said unto God: 'Oh that Ishmael might live before Thee!'
19 And God said: 'Nay, but Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son; and thou shalt
call his name Isaac; and I will establish My covenant with him for an
everlasting covenant for his seed after him. 20 And as for Ishmael, I have
heard thee; behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will
multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a
great nation. 21 But My covenant will I establish with Isaac, whom Sarah shall
bear unto thee at this set time in the next year. … 25 And
Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of
his foreskin. 26 In the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and Ishmael his
son. 27 And all the men of his house, those born in the house, and those bought
with money of a foreigner, were circumcised with him.
The above section explains why Yishmael was blessed and
that it took 25 years from the original blessing that Avraham finally had a
child from Sarai now Sara. It appears that the name Yitzchak was given at this
point or was the name added when the Torah was dictated to Moshe?
So you think Hollywood and TV spots are bad and harassing.
Look at the 4 abductions from the Torah: http://www.chabad.org/parshah/article_cdo/aid/3819102/jewish/Abductions-in-the-Torah.htm#utm_medium=email&utm_source=1_chabad.org_magazine_en&utm_campaign=en&utm_content=content
The Dancer of
Auschwitz thanks to May
She was talented. She was beautiful. But she was also Jewish.
Born in 1917, Franceska Mann was a dancer who lived in Warsaw,
Poland. In 1939, before World War II broke out, Franceska took fourth place in
the international dance competition held in Brussels.
The people of Poland considered her one of the most beautiful and
promising dancers - both in classical and modern styles - in their country. But
her Jewish faith would change that.
Franceska was performing at Warsaw's Melody Palace nightclub when
the Nazis invaded Poland. Because she was Jewish, the girl became a prisoner of
the infamous Warsaw Ghetto.
On October 23, 1942, a train carrying 1,700 Polish Jews arrived at
the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp, Franceska among them.
These Jews had been told they were being taken to Switzerland in
order to be exchanged for German POWs - an obvious lie. Stopping at Auschwitz,
the Jews were unloaded and told they were to shower and be disinfected before
the arrived in Switzerland.
Supervising the women was a Nazi S.S. officer named Josep
Schillinger. The Nazi noticed the beautiful dancer and ordered her to disrobe
for him.
Likely knowing that the showers were a murderous lie, and also
deducing the wanton German's intentions, Franceska made her move.
The dancer threw her shoe into the Nazi's face, grabbed his gun,
and shot Schillinger twice in the stomach, also shooting another Nazi in the
process. Schillinger died on his way to the hospital.
The other S.S. guards shot and killed Franceska, but not before
chaos ensued, with one Nazi losing a nose and another his scalp.
Eventually the camp commandant Rudolf Höss brought a phalanx of
Nazi guards who killed the uprising women with machine guns and grenades.
But not before this group of women - led by the heroic dancer,
Franceska Mann - stood up to their evil captors, choosing how they would die.
While the story of
Franceska Mann does not end happily, may it be lasting as one that highlights
the importance of standing up to evil, prejudice, and tyranny.
What goes around comes around. Mida Knegged Mida
Two poor students did not know how to pay for their
College. One of them came up with a brilliant idea. They would put on a concert
and get the great Paderewski to play. The manager demanded $2000 so they worked
hard at selling the tickets. However, they only came up with $1600. Paderewski
played and they handed him all the $1600 and promised to pay back in the future
a check of $400 that did not have backing at that time. Paderewski ripped up
the check and handed the $1600 back to the boys. He said, whatever is left over
after your education, you can pay me back.
Paderewski went on to become the Prime Minister of
Poland. He was a good leader but because of WWI, 1.5 million Poles were
starving. He wrote a letter to the President of the United States, Herbert
Hoover. Pres. Hoover immediately sent him enough grain to feed his starving
people.
He decided that he wanted to travel to the US to meet
the president face to face to thank him in person. He entered the Oval Office
and thanked him sincerely. However, Mr. Hoover turned to him and said that he
should thank himself as he had enabled him to go to College. – Thanks to
Albert. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover
PM immunity bill wreaks – Ed-OP Sima Kadmon. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5032407,00.html
Gadol HaDor: Draft protestors are reckless fools. http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/237064
Netanyahu corruption case dragging it out. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5031867,00.html
Delayed Justice - Concentration Camp guard aged 96 goes on trial. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5031388,00.html
Grand larceny as man buys tow truck to steal cars. http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/237169
Cybersecurity company raises millions. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3723556,00.html
Police checking into coalition chairman’s past. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5033439,00.html
Inyanay
Diyoma
Who likes to watch Morning Joe and enjoys his Trump News. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/10/19/report-north-korean-generals-love-anti-trump-msnbc-show-morning-joe-watch-it-daily.html
Chevron a 12-year-old is injured by stone throwing terrorists. http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/236994
Iranian tightens its noose around Israel. https://www.debka.com/ignoring-harsh-condemnation-iran-tightens-military-noose-around-israel/
Ed-Op Dr. Martin Sherman: https://www.algemeiner.com/2017/10/20/decertifying-the-iran-deal-a-moral-imperative-but-now-what/
General under investigation for weapons cache. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5032224,00.html
Muslim Brotherhood causes an emergency situation in Egypt. https://www.debka.com/muslim-brothers-armed-cell-isis-massacre-55-egyptian-policemen/
Hamas will maintain ties with Iran so good-bye leftist peace
dreams. http://www.israelhayom.com/2017/10/23/hamas-defies-israel-vows-to-maintain-iran-ties/
This sounds like a Russian KGB spy in Israel stabbing an anti-Putin
Journalist. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5032814,00.html
Guess who builds a monument honoring Saddam? https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5033113,00.html
Kurds win Syrian oil in deal. https://www.debka.com/kurds-win-syrian-oil-secret-us-russian-deal-prize-raqqa/
Hezballah on the Golan Heights. https://www.algemeiner.com/2017/10/25/idf-unmasks-veteran-terrorist-mounir-shaito-as-commander-of-hezbollah-operations-in-golan-heights/
Kurds fear Iranian Genocide. https://www.algemeiner.com/2017/10/25/kurdish-fears-of-new-iranian-backed-genocide-must-be-taken-seriously-expert-urges/
Human Rights abuse by the UN. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5034082,00.html
If there is war with Iran don’t blame Netanyahu an Ed-Op by Ben
Dror Yemini. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5033088,00.html
Next missiles from Gaza will accurate. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5033573,00.html
Hezballah to be put on terrorist watch list. https://www.algemeiner.com/2017/10/25/us-house-of-representatives-passes-tough-new-measures-targeting-hezbollah-irans-leading-terrorist-proxy/
Kurds may lose airfields to Iraqi-Iranian Forces. https://www.debka.com/kurdistans-barzani-faces-ouster-iraqi-army-poised-seize-krg-airfields/
Have a good Shabbos all, (if you are 50 plus get a flu
shot)
Rachamim Pauli
